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(These aren't mine- I copied and pasted, I'm bad at algebra but I have put all this in for anyone who has trouble with algebra! Hopefully it helps)
Algebra is a part of mathematics which deals with symbols and the rules for manipulating those symbols. In algebra, those symbols are quantities without fixed values, called as variables. Just how sentences explain relationships between specific words, in algebra, equations explain relationships between variables. Math can be hard for a lot of people out there. But, it is crucial to recognize the important math symbols with names, that are used in algebra.
Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning | Example |
| ≡ | equivalence | identical to | |
| x | x variable | unknown value to find | when 2x = 4, then x = 2 |
| := | equal by definition | equal by definition | |
| ≜ | equal by definition | equal by definition | |
| ≈ | approximately equal | approximation | sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01 |
| ~ | approximately equal | weak approximation | 11 ~ 10 |
| ∞ | lemniscate | infinity symbol | |
| ∝ | proportional to | proportional to | y ∝ x when y = kx, k constant |
| ≫ | much greater than | much greater than | 1000000 ≫ 1 |
| ≪ | much less than | much less than | 1 ≪ 1000000 |
| [ ] | brackets | calculate expression inside first | [(1+2)*(1+5)] = 18 |
| ( ) | parentheses | calculate expression inside first | 2 * (3+5) = 16 |
| ⌊x⌋ | floor brackets | rounds number to lower integer | ⌊4.3⌋= 4 |
| { } | braces | set | |
| x! | exclamation mark | factorial | 4! = 1*2*3*4 = 24 |
| ⌈x⌉ | ceiling brackets | rounds number to upper integer | ⌈4.3⌉= 5 |
| f (x) | function of x | maps values of x to f(x) | f (x) = 3x+5 |
| | x | | single vertical bar | absolute value | | -5 | = 5 |
| (a,b) | open interval | (a,b) = {x | a < x < b} | x ∈ (2,6) |
| (f ∘g) | function composition | (f ∘g) (x) = f (g(x)) | f (x)=3x, g(x)=x-1 ⇒(f ∘g)(x)=3(x-1) |
| ∆ | delta | change / difference | ∆t = t1 – t0 |
| [a,b] | closed interval | [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} | x ∈ [2,6] |
| ∑ | sigma | summation – sum of all values in range of series | ∑ xi= x1+x2+…+xn |
| ∆ | discriminant | Δ = b2 – 4ac | |
| ∑∑ | sigma | double summation | |
| e | e constant / Euler’s number | e = 2.718281828… | e = lim (1+1/x)x , x→∞ |
| ∏ | capital pi | product – product of all values in range of series | ∏ xi=x1∙x2∙…∙xn |
| γ | Euler-Mascheroni constant | γ = 0.527721566… | |
| π | pi constant | π = 3.141592654… is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle | c = π·d = 2·π·r |
| φ | golden ratio | golden ratio constant |
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