[Note] Introduction to Ions and Atoms

Everything is made up of **Atoms**.

Each atoms is made up of multiple smaller particles, its structure is a **nucleus**, surrounded by **Electrons** in **Rings/Shells**.

The Nucleus is made up of **Protons and Neutrons**. 

Protons and Neutrons have the same mass, making their **Relative Mass** 1.

Electrons have a mass of 2000x smaller than protons/electrons. Sometimes written as 0.

Protons have a positive charge

Neutrons have no charge/neutral

Electrons have a negative charge

The Atom size and structure depends on the Element. Tho they usually have a radius of around 0.1nm. 

Most the atom is empty space. 

If the Atom has the same number of Protons and Electrons, the charge balances out making it a neutral atom. Atoms can lose or gain electrons. If the charges dont balance, it is no longer an Atom and is now an **Ion**.

If the Ion has too more electrons than protons, its a 2- Negative Ion.