Integrated Information Systems - Study notes (Sheet 1&2)

-Sheet 1 notes-

Business Functions:

Most Organizations are Functional in structure (Made of Departments).

Business Processes:

Sequence of tasks or activities that produce desired outcomes.

1.       Processes interrelated with other processes.

2.       Processes may have sub-processes.

3.       Processes cut across functions.

4.       Key business processes:  PROCUREMENT, FUFILLMENT, PRODUCTION.

Procurement process:

·         The warehouse created a purchase requisition for a needed product.

·         The purchase department made the request and sent the purchase order to warehouse, so that they got it.

·         The accounting got the invoice and sent the payment  

Production process:

1.       Warehouse requested production, production dep authorized the production.

2.       Warehouse got Issue raw materials, so the product create product and the warehouse receive them.

Fulfillment process:

1.       Sales receive the customer order and create the order in the system.

2.       Warehouse prepare the shipment and send it

3.       Accounting create and send the invoice and receive payment

Silo Effect : Lake of internal collaboration between different business functions.

Enterprise systems –ES-:  allows companies to integrate business processes by sharing information across business functions and employee hierarchies.

Customer relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise resource planning ( ERP) and Supply chain management (SCM) are examples of Enterprise systems.

ERP Modules:

01.   HR

02.   Inventory

03.   Sales and marketing

04.   Purchase

05.   Finance and accounting

06.   Customer relationship management.

07.   Engineering/production

08.   Supply chain management.

ERP Vendor:

Oracle, SAP and so on.

(CSF) CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF ERP IMPELEMNTATION:-

1-      Clear vision/goal, plan.

2-      Communicate the goals effectively among stakeholders and all levels of the organizations.

3-      Involve people into project.

4-      Scope and clearly define and control the ERP implementation.

5-      Consultant must be included in the team.

6-      IT infrastructure.

 -sheet 2 notes-

 Sheet two ( Ch1 cont. + Ch2 )B

Business Process Model and Notation ( BPMN):

A Flow chart method that models the steps of a planned business process from end to end, claridies visiually a detailed sequence of business activities and information flows required to complete a process.

Goal: model ways to improve efficiency, account for new circumstances or gain competitive advantage .

BPMN is targeted at participants and other stakeholders in a business at the high level to gain understanding through an easy to understand visual representation of the steps.

BPMN is targeted at the people whom implement the process, giving sufficient detail to enable precise implementation at the involved level.

The flow objects in BPMN :

Events: Trigger that starts, modifies, or completes a process. ( timer, error, signal, ..).

Activities:  performed by a person or a system, shown by a rounded corners rectangle.

Gateways: decision point that can adjust the path basing on conditions or events, they are shown as diamonds.

Connecting objects take place through sequence flow,

 message flow, 

association.

N.B: BPMN is not appropriate for modeling organizational structures, functional breakdowns, or data flow models. Although BPMN depicts some information flows in business processes, it’s not a Data Flow Diagram (DFD.)

Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) to interchange business process definitions

between different workflow products.