I took these notes a long time ago from a Udemy course from the Center for Forensic Mental Health (Psychopathy, Sociopathy, Antisocial 101).

Psychopathy VS Sociopathy

Psychopaths and sociopaths display similar patterns of behavior however the two are distinct. Psychopaths possess congenital differences while sociopaths arise from environmental circumstances. Sociopathy appears to be a condition more connected to developmental processes and exceptionally adverse environments characterized by abuse, neglect, or violence.The number of sociopaths fluctuates with changes in the socio-cultural environments. Sociopathy is not a clinical term and has no specific criteria, but is used to pinpoint the differences of mental origin. 

Psychopathy Split Factors:

Factor one-

1. Personal Aspect
1. Superficial Charm
2. Grandiose sense of self-worth
3. Pathological lying
4. conning/manipulative
2. Affective Aspect
1. Lack of remorse or guilt
2. Shallow affect
3. callousness/lack of empathy
4. Failure to accept responsibility for own actions

Factor two-

1. Behavioral aspect 
1. Need for stimulation and proneness to boredom
2. Parasitic lifestyle
3. Lack of realistic, long term goals
4. Impulsivity
5. irresponsibility

1. Antisocial Aspect
1. Poor behavioral control
2. Early behavior problems
3. Juvenile delinquency
4. Revocation of conditional release
5. Criminal versatility

Third Factor, (not scientific term) -

1. Promiscuous sexual behavior

2. Many short-term marital relationships

Psychopathy

A lack of anxiety and/or fear and by a bold interpersonal style that may mask maladaptive behaviors. This psychopathic variant is characterized by low levels of anxiousness and withdrawal and high levels of attention seeking. *Neuropsychological research has shown psychopaths have deficits in the language cognitive area*

There is a scale that is used for 3 points to determine psychopathy; Lifetime Presence and Severity: Zero points= Absent behavior traits, One point= Partially present behavior traits, Two points= Present behavior traits.

The scores all together are sectioned into three; A facet score, factor score and a total score. When a total score equals 30+/40, it equals a diagnosis of a psychopathic personality. For example, Ted Bundy, who is a very well known serial killer, is someone who got an evaluation of 39/40 on the psychopathic testing. He is well know as someone who kidnapped, raped and murdered numerous young woman and girls. 

Alternative hybrid model with psychopathic specifier

The model focuses on core implements in the personality functioning and specific configurations of problematic personality traits within anti-social, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders. The alternative model has a “specifier” that specifies “With psychopathic features.”

1. Criteria A-  Moderate to greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by characteristic difficulties in 2 or more of the following areas:

1. Identity
2. Self-direction
3. Empathy
4. intimacy

1. Criteria B-  Involves 6 or more of the 7 following personality traits:

1. Manipulativeness
2. Callousness
3. Deceitfulness
4. Hostility
5. Risk taking
6. Impulsivity
7. Irresponsibility

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Antisocial personality (ASPD)- Individuals who are socialized, in repeated conflicts with society, incapable of loyalty, selfish, irresponsible and unable to learn from prior experiences. A form of sociopathy, psychopathy or dys-social personality disorder. A person's genes or environment can be a risk factor to adopting ASPD. 

Gender roles for ASPD- The disorder is more common in males compared to females. ASPD in females could be underestimated because of the emphasis on externalizing anger in the definition standpoint of conduct disorder. 

ASPD and Substances- If the individual is someone who is on substances can’t fully have an ASPD diagnosis UNLESS the symptoms are prevalent in their childhood and have continued into adulthood. If the individual has a criminal record, the criminal behavior must be distinguished between the ASPD symptoms. The ASPD symptoms have to be persistent for the criminal record to be considered a part of the symptoms; Crime does not equal antisocial personality disorder. 

Economic context with ASPD- Antisocial personality disorder also appears to be associated with low sociopathic economic status in urban settings. Concerns have been raised that the diagnosis may at times be misapplied to individuals and settings in which seemingly antisocial behavior may be a part of a protective survival strategy. In assessing the anti social traits, it is helpful for the clinician to consider the social and economic context in which the behavior is occurring. 

ASPD Cluster System

Cluster Systems for ASPD- Disorders get sectioned into 4 different criterias; cluster A, cluster B, cluster C and cluster D.

1. A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three or more of the following:
1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest. 
2. Deceitfulness as indicated by repeatedly lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure. 
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others. Examples: diving while drunk with themselves or others, substance use with high risk of consequences, neglect children that results in them putting the child in danger. 
6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated or stolen from another.
2. The individual must be at least 18 years old. ASPD can only be diagnosed in adults. 
3. There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before the age of 15. This proves a pervasive pattern of social rules violated. The four categories of the pervasive pattern are:

1. Aggression towards people and animals
2. Destruction of property
3. Deceitfulness or theft
4. Serious violations of rules