Blood types in cats

Introduction

Cats also have different blood types, similar to humans. Blood type A is the most common, type B is significantly less common, and type AB is very rare. It is important to know a cat's blood type, as not all types are compatible with each other. An incorrect combination can lead to serious problems during blood transfusions or breeding. That is why determining a cat's blood type is one of the basic preventive measures for cats.

Importance for transfusions

If a cat needs a blood transfusion—for example, after an accident or surgery—it is essential to consider the blood type. An incorrect combination can cause the immune system to immediately attack and destroy the foreign blood cells. The consequences can range from severe circulatory problems to death. Therefore, a blood test is performed before each transfusion to ensure compatibility. Specialized clinics even have blood banks with donor cats whose blood types are precisely known.

Blood types and breeding

Knowledge of blood types is particularly important for breeders. If there is incompatibility between the mother and her kittens, this can have serious consequences. Certain blood group combinations significantly increase the risk of disease in newborns. Therefore, a blood test should be performed on both parents before any planned mating. This allows risks to be identified and avoided in advance.

Danger: Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)

One of the greatest risks associated with incompatibility is neonatal isoerythrolysis.

This condition occurs when antibodies in the mother cat's milk destroy the kittens' red blood cells.

The first signs are weakness, apathy, dark urine, and lack of weight gain. Without timely detection, the kittens can die within a few days.

However, this risk can be reliably avoided by determining the blood type of the parent animals.

Blood type determination

A cat's blood type can be determined using special rapid tests directly at the veterinarian's office or through laboratory testing. In addition, a so-called cross-match test is almost always performed when a transfusion is planned: This involves mixing donor and recipient blood to identify possible incompatibilities. These tests are quick and reliable—and can save lives in an emergency.

Genetic background

Blood types are determined by the CMAH gene. This gene influences which surface characteristics (antigens) are present on red blood cells. This results in the differences between A, B, and AB. Although the genetic details are primarily of interest to scientists, it is crucial for owners and breeders to know their cat's blood type. This can help prevent medical complications.

Conclusion

Knowing the blood types of cats is very important for veterinarians and breeders alike. It can save lives in an emergency and protects breeding cats and kittens from serious diseases. Therefore, the blood type of every cat should be determined and documented as early as possible. This knowledge provides security and can make all the difference in a critical moment.