how to transfer music between your linux computer and your ipod (classic, nano, mini, and shuffle; not touch)

it took me a while to figure this out, so heres what worked for me if your trying to figure this out for yourself! this should work for both windows (fat) and mac (hfs+) formatted ipods.

REQUIREMENTS

• ipod classic, nano, mini, or shuffle, this wont work for ipod touches
• linux computer (make sure to check that the required packages are included in your systems package manager)
• support for reading and writing to fat or hfs+ filesystems
• gtkpod or rhythmbox
• 30 pin cable (or lighting if your on a nano 7th gen)
• knowing what your doing and not mindlessly copy-pasting terminal commands

FOR WINDOWS (FAT) FORMATTED IPODS

• get gtkpod or rhythmbox from your system's package manager (i recommend rhythmbox)
• plug in the ipod to your computer
• open rhythmbox or gtkpod
• drag and drop your music as normal
• eject it obviously

FOR MAC (HFS+) FORMATTED IPODS

• get gtkpod or rhythmbox from your system package manager (i recommend rhythmbox)
• you may not have support for hfs+ filesystems, if you dont, install the needed packages
• plug in the ipod to your computer
• it may mount as read-only, to mount it as read/write, unmount it and run:
• ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• sudo mount -t hfsplus -o force,rw /dev/sdX /media/mntpoint
• ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• obviously replace the paths to the actual drive and mountpoint
• open rhythmbox or gtkpod
• drag and drop your music as normal
• eject it obviously
• make a shell script and add an alias if you dont want to type out that long command every time

WHERE CAN I FIND MUSIC OUTSIDE OF ITUNES?

there is some options, if you want to own them legally then you can use a service like bandcamp to buy the music legally, or you want to not own them, then you can use a tool like yt-dlp to download youtube videos as an mp3 file