What is Goth? A detailed introduction into the Goth scene for baby bats

Welcome to the Romantic World of Goth Culture

This guide is designed for newcomers, often affectionately called "baby bats," and those curious about goth music and fashion. It offers insights and tips to help you navigate this unique subculture. Whether you are drawn to the haunting melodies, expressive fashion, or both, this guide will serve as your starting point.

Understanding Goth Culture

Before diving into the music and fashion that define goth culture, it’s essential to understand its roots. While many believe goth culture originated in the late 1970s and early 1980s from the post-punk music scene, its beginnings can be traced back much further.

The term "goth" first emerged in 300 A.D. to describe a group of nomadic Germanic tribes, which were divided into two main groups: the western Visigoths and the eastern Ostrogoths. These Goths played a role in the fall of the Roman Empire, particularly after Alaric I became the first king of the Visigoths and led an attack on Italy, marking the start of the Medieval period. During this time, "goth" began to be associated with barbarism and destruction.

The term fell out of favor until the Renaissance when it was used derogatorily to describe medieval architecture and design. Many Renaissance thinkers considered Gothic architecture harsh and unattractive, characterized by pointed arches, stained glass windows, spires, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaults, which they saw as vulgar compared to the simpler, more elegant classical styles of the time. The usage of "goth" in this way began in the 1530s when Giorgio Vasari equated it with "barbaric" in his classifications of medieval art and architecture.

By the mid-eighteenth century, “gothic” emerged again, this time as a descriptor for a specific style of art and literature. The nineteenth century saw a surge in gothic novels and poetry featuring themes of death, the paranormal, and the macabre, thanks to influential writers like Bram Stoker and Edgar Allan Poe, whose works remain popular today. Just as Gothic architecture was viewed as countercultural, gothic literature developed themes that romanticized the dark and gloomy aspects of life.

The late 1960s and early 1970s marked the popularization of goth music, which began in the UK, specifically in London. Gothic rock emerged from post-punk music but developed into a distinct movement characterized by its dramatic and gloomy melodies. Lyrics often drew inspiration from gothic literature, incorporating themes of dark romanticism, morbidity, melancholy, and the macabre. As goth music evolved, it began to symbolize the darker evils of the world and the romanticization of such subjects.

During the 1980s, the goth subculture expanded globally, marked by the rise of clubs like the Batcave and distinct fashion styles. In 1983, the scene was described as "positive punk" by NME, gaining wide attention in media outlets. The term "goth rock" was first mentioned in the late 1960s when music critic John Stickney wrote an article contrasting the pleasant, amusing sound of "Hippies" with the "violent" sound and dark stage presence of The Doors, titling his piece "Four Doors to the Future: Gothic Rock Is Their Thing." The Doors are now recognized as a significant early influence on the goth music scene.

Goth culture embodies much more than dark clothing or edgy lyrics; it serves as a unique form of self-expression, embracing individuality, challenging norms, and celebrating the beauty found in life’s darker elements. The modern goth community is a vibrant celebration of its rich blend of art, literature, fashion, and music.

Exploring The World Of Goth Music

Goth music encompasses a variety of genres, primarily originating from post-punk, but it is also influenced by new wave, dark wave, and industrial. Exploring the scene can feel overwhelming, especially for baby bats. However, there’s no need to exhaust yourself trying to listen to every goth-inspired genre right away. Instead, here are some tips for curating a beginner-friendly goth playlist that includes classic bands that paved the way for the goth movement.

Some of the most prominent bands from the 1980s goth scene include Bauhaus, Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Cure, and Sisters of Mercy. Each of these bands has significantly shaped the sound of goth music. Early goth rock featured introspective, personal lyrics that evolved into themes of literary romanticism, morbidity, religious symbolism, and supernatural mysticism, all of which can be found in the music of these bands.

It can also be helpful to familiarize yourself with some of the subgenres within goth music, such as dark wave (try listening to Clan of Xymox or Lycia), industrial (check out Suicide Commando or Nine Inch Nails for a more mainstream example), new wave (listen to Strawberry Switchblade), and ethereal wave (explore Cocteau Twins). While not strictly considered goth, these genres have gothic influences and are part of the broader scene and development of the genre.

Exploring these artists will help you discover what songs you enjoy, as well as other artists with similar sounds or within comparable subgenres. Creating a playlist might feel daunting at first, but to help you get started, here are a few playlists from my collection that range from beginner-friendly music to the more hardcore side: 

1. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/7hAKxzNI1zTg1Mhg2jsLWC?si=9e4d02b8f92c4086 - 80s Traditional Goth 

2. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6HWNrfpOohyEkJ6YfdCEFf?si=615acbf8961e40f6 - A mix of goth music specifically designed to introduce baby bats into the scene 

3. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0N8gzjUf9XEzUxI3o8Uz4p?si=1f560b2748e341f2 - A growing playlist featuring various goth and industrial metal subgenres 

4. https://open.spotify.com/playlist/74nf4GRgtMMNhbSquBQTJW?si=bde918505ce44725 - My personal goth playlist 

Before we discuss goth fashion, it's important to note that not everything within the goth scene is considered "goth." Many elements are influenced by the gothic aesthetic. For instance, David Bowie is regarded as an influence on gothic rock, as is The Doors. Alice Cooper is even considered "the true ungodly godfather of goth" due to his dynamic stage presence and darker humor, despite his music not fitting the traditional goth genre. However, many people who bestow this title upon him may not be well-versed in goth culture.

Embracing Goth Fashion

Goth fashion is all about personal expression. While there isn’t a single way to dress, there are recurring themes and style preferences among goths. To help newcomers understand the stereotypical goth "look," here are some essential tips:

Key elements of goth style include dark or neutral colors in both clothing and makeup. While black is predominant, other colors like deep reds, purples, browns, earthy tones, and even metallics can also be part of the palette. Goths are not confined to solely wearing black; for example, Strawberry Switchblade is known for their bright color combinations and fun patterns.

Goth fashion was popularized during the 1980s, and traditional (or "trad") goth fashion features many styles and layers reminiscent of that era. Overall, goth fashion draws inspiration from punk, new wave, new romantic styles, and periods such as the Victorian, Edwardian, and Belle Époque eras.

There are many different substyles of goth fashion. While I won't cover all of them, here are a few that you might want to explore further: faerie goth, mopey goth, cabaret goth, pastel goth, tribal goth, medieval goth, gothabilly, corp goth, perky goth, steamgoth/steampunk goth, geek goth, and J-goth lolita.

Now, let's focus on some of the most predominant styles: traditional goth, cyber goth, fetish goth, hippy goth, romantic goth, vampire goth, and Victorian goth. We’ll begin with traditional goth fashion. This style is meant to align closely with the classic goth fashion of the 1980s and is characterized by predominantly black clothing, dark leather jackets or accessories, and Victorian-inspired details like lace, ruffles, or high collars. Key features include platform shoes such as creepers or pointed-toe shoes like winklepickers, dramatic makeup with heavy eyeliner, voluminous teased hair (often backcombed for a disheveled look), bold lipstick, pale foundation with sharp contouring, dark smoky eyeshadow, and extensive layering with long skirts, fishnet or distressed tights, blouses, button-down shirts, and jewelry.

Understanding traditional goth fashion will help you appreciate how the original style has evolved into the various substyles we see today. 

Cyber goth, on the other hand, offers a more futuristic take on goth style, incorporating bright neon accents and tech-inspired details. It draws inspiration from both traditional goth and cyberpunk styles, utilizing a vibrant color palette. Cyber goth is often associated with rave culture and was popular from the 1990s to the 2000s. This style is characterized by primarily black clothing accented with neon colors, the use of shiny synthetic fabrics (like latex and PVC), tight-fitting garments (such as leggings or bodysuits), layered accessories with straps and chains, oversized hooded tops with intricate details, and accessories like gas masks or goggles. Dramatic hairstyles with neon hair dye, heavy eyeliner with neon accents, dark lipsticks paired with neon lip liner, and glittery or metallic detailing are also common in this style.

Fetish goth blends goth aesthetics with BDSM-themed clothing and accessories. While fetish elements have always been present in the goth scene, fetish goth places a stronger emphasis on this aspect. This substyle lacks a specific music genre, but it often draws from songs with sexual or BDSM themes. Fetish goths are not just part of the kink community; their fashion does not define their sexuality, and they should not be treated differently because of their style.

Fetish goth is inspired by traditional goth with a kinky twist. Key characteristics include tight-fitting PVC or leather clothing (often with a glossy shine), corsets or cinches, fishnet stockings, platform or heeled knee-high boots, chokers, chain accessories, and fetish gear such as leashes, cuffs, and bondage masks or hoods.

Hippy Goth is a unique blend of hippy and goth cultures, heavily influenced by the countercultural youth movement led by hippies in the 1960s. This substyle offers a darker and more morbid take on the hippy lifestyle and fashion, incorporating traditional goth styles and interests. Hippy goths are often supporters of the sexual revolution and the legalization of marijuana. They are typically characterized by flowing fabrics with floral patterns, dark colors paired with earthy tones, long skirts, peace symbols in their accessories and jewelry, headbands or flower crowns, darkly painted nails, dark eyeliner, and long, unkempt hair.

While hippy goths generally dress in the stereotypical hippy style, the real distinction lies in their movements and attitudes. 

Romantic Goth is a substyle presenting a more feminine and elegant take on goth. This style focuses on the beauty and heavy romanticization of dark themes, such as wilting roses or moonlit graveyards. Romantic goths are influenced by the Romantic era of literature (1800-1850), which centered around emotions and imagination. Their fashion is characterized by lace detailing, velvety fabrics, flowing skirts, high collars, formal clothing, predominantly dark colors sometimes accented by deep reds or purples, corsets, tailcoats, bow details, dark red or purple matte lipsticks, defined contouring, and dark, bold eyeshadow. Romantic goth also shares similarities with vampire and Victorian goth but leans more towards literature rather than music. Authors like the Bronte sisters and Edgar Allan Poe serve as perfect examples of this influence.

Vampire Goth draws heavily from classic vampire lore and aristocratic elements while also incorporating traditional goth fashions. This substyle is inspired by literature surrounding classic vampire mythology, such as Bram Stoker's "Dracula." Vampire goths often look to gothic architecture and art for inspiration, gaining popularity in the 1990s alongside romantic goths. Dark cabaret musician Voltaire aptly described vampire goth as "essentially romantic goths with fangs." The styles emerged around the same time and share similar influences. A unique aspect of the vampire goth subculture includes the "Vampyre" subgroup of goths who identify as real vampires, categorized into two sections: "psionic" vampires, who metaphorically feed off the life energy of others, and "sanguine" vampires, who take a more literal approach by consuming blood, often from humans. 

Vampire goths are characterized by dark luxurious fabrics, velvet or satin details, lace, flowy dresses, fang caps or implants, colored contact lenses, and aristocratic-style clothing. Their makeup resembles that of romantic goths but generally includes more detailed eye makeup alongside bold lips and dark eyelids layered over a pale base.

Finally, we have Victorian Goth, which draws direct inspiration from the fashion of the Victorian era, combined with dark themes and aesthetics typical of traditional goth style. Victorian goth encompasses many historical references and is characterized by long black Victorian-style dresses or suits, high necklines or collars, lace detailing, mourning jewelry, vests, elegant headwear such as veils, cravats, polonaises, and handheld parasols. This substyle also has its own musical genre, often featuring instrumental pieces.

While all these styles fall under the gothic umbrella, they vary significantly. However, it’s evident how they evolved from traditional goth aesthetics. Many substyles can be mixed to create a unique look, incorporating various elements of gothic fashion. Overall, goth styles typically feature dark clothing, hair, and makeup. Labels are not necessary; individuals should feel free to explore multiple substyles and express themselves in whatever way resonates with them. After all, goth culture is about individuality.

Additionally, it is essential to mention the significance of DIY and thrifting within goth culture. Goth culture is heavily influenced by punk ideology, emphasizing the importance of standing against fast fashion and capitalism. Key components of alternative subcultures include avoiding overconsumption by not purchasing unnecessary items, steering clear of fast fashion brands like Shein, embracing thrifting or upcycling clothing, and DIYing to customize and create pieces that fit personal style. DIY practices are a fantastic way to express individuality, with both punks and goths known for creating patches and pins to adorn their jackets or jeans.

Connecting with the Community

The most challenging aspect of being a baby bat in the goth community is figuring out how to connect with others amidst the numerous gatekeepers present. The subculture initially emerged as a way for young people to create their own identities and express themselves differently from society's materialism and elitism. However, as the subculture gained popularity, it also attracted "posers"—individuals who claim to be goth but don’t genuinely engage with the beliefs or appreciate the artistic expressions of goth culture, such as music, art, architecture, and literature. Instead, these posers often wear expensive designer pieces or cheap fast-fashion clothing just to appear trendy, lacking an understanding of the history and significance of the goth culture, which has become diluted through the "TikTokification" of the aesthetic.

This doesn't mean that newcomers can't educate themselves or join the community; however, it's one reason why many experienced members may gatekeep the culture to keep out those who are merely following a trend. Unfortunately, this can discourage newcomers or make it harder for them to learn and become part of the goth culture.

Another problem is the elitism within the community, where some members consider themselves superior to others. These elitists often belittle baby bats or those who enjoy different types of music beyond goth. Although many elitists are cisgender males, anyone can exhibit elitist behavior.

Don't let these challenges deter you! Many welcoming, long-term members of the community, often referred to as elder goths, are eager to help educate baby bats. There are many online spaces, such as forums and blogs, where you can connect with other goth enthusiasts, although they can be somewhat difficult to find. SpaceHey, for instance, is home to many friendly goths—both new and experienced.

If you're looking to meet fellow goths in person, check for goth nights at local clubs and bars, or attend festivals and events like the Edwardian Ball, although many of these may be restricted to adults. For those in smaller towns or who are too young for these venues, your best option may be to explore online communities. TikTok can be a helpful tool for discovering new friends; however, be cautious, as many users may lean more toward the poser category, making it difficult to find others who sincerely appreciate goth culture beyond the surface-level aesthetics.

Goth culture is here to celebrate the beauty in darkness and individuality. As you embark on your journey into goth music and fashion, remember to stay true to yourself and explore what resonates with you. Enjoy the experience, and let your creative spirit flourish no matter what others might say. I hope this guide serves you well and hey, if you've gotten this far, why not go ahead and friend me? My messages are always open to questions and new friendships and I would love to help guide you through the alluring world of goth culture. Much love to you little bats! Fly high!