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Research from the University of Utah suggests that urban tree cover plays a significant role in educational outcomes, with the loss of trees potentially harming students from low-income families. The study, led by economics professor Alberto Garcia, focused on the effects of the emerald ash borer beetle infestation, which decimated ash tree populations in the Chicago metropolitan area over a decade.
Garcia examined changes in school attendance and standardized test scores between 2003 and 2012, comparing schools affected by the infestation to those that were not. The study revealed that areas impacted by the beetle saw a decline in test scores, particularly in schools with more low-income students.
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The emerald ash borer killed millions of ash trees, which were once the most common non-native tree species in the region. As a result, the loss of tree cover was most pronounced in lower-income neighborhoods, where tree cover was already limited. Garcia noted that while low-income students in unaffected areas were not significantly impacted, those in schools affected by the infestation showed a notable drop in performance compared to their wealthier peers at the same schools.
The study, published in Global Environmental Change, builds on previous research linking tree cover to improved academic performance. However, this study attempts to establish a causal connection by leveraging the natural experiment created by the ash borer infestation. By combining satellite imagery, Illinois' standardized testing data, and records of the beetle's spread, Garcia and co-author Michelle Lee were able to track changes in both school attendance and test scores over time.
The results showed a 1.22% reduction in students meeting Illinois' testing benchmarks in areas affected by the ash borer. While this decline may seem small, the impact is significant when considering the entire student population, particularly in neighborhoods with already limited resources.
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